Comparison of 2% dexmedetomidine and lidocaine in analgesia control and hemodynamic changes in cataract surgery with local anesthesia

Background: Cataract surgery is the most common surgery in the world. The prevalence of age-related cataract increases with age, and its prevalence increases with each decade of age after forty years. Various drugs are used to control analgesia and hemodynamics in patients undergoing cataract surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare dexmedetomidine and 2% lidocaine in the control of analgesia and hemodynamic changes in cataract surgery with local anesthesia. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 52 patients with anesthesia class I and II underwent cataract surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: lidocaine (three cc) and dexmedomedin (five μg/kg + lidocaine). The information collection checklist in this study included: age, gender, history of aspirin use, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, postoperative complications, and postoperative pain. Results: The Mann-Whitney U test showed that the Dex-Metomedin group had less pain than the Lidocaine group in the first hour after the intervention (P=0.012). Two hours after the intervention, the dexmedemodin group had less pain than the lidocaine group (P=0.001). In the investigation of IOP after retrobulbar block in the dexmedetomidine group, we saw a significant increase in IOP from 16.56±3.12 to 17.96±2.68 mmHg compared to before the block (P=0.001). In the lidocaine group, we also saw a significant increase in IOP from 16.18±3.66 to 19.66±4.67 mm Hg compared to before the block (P=0.001). Before and after retrobulbar block, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.694 and P=0.108, respectively). To investigate the effect of these interventions more precisely, the amount of IOP pressure change was also compared between the two groups, and we saw a greater increase in the lidocaine group than in the dexmedetomidine group (P=0.002). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that dexmedetomidine + lidocaine in retrobulbar form compared to lidocaine was able to control the pain level of patients after surgery and systolic and diastolic blood pressure during surgery. It is suggested to use this drug as local anesthesia in cataract surgery.