Critical Mineral Mining and Native American Rights

This thesis examines the intersection between critical mineral mining and Native Americans' rights. Critical minerals are essential for creating electric and sustainable energy sources that fuel the world's evolving technological landscape. The United States is making a concerted effort to mine these minerals on American soil due to their vital role in serving the U.S economy and national defense. However, many of these mineral reserves lie within close proximity to Native American reservations, and mining them directly impacts Native American communities. The development of critical mineral mines can offer substantial benefits to indigenous communities, but they also have the capacity to violate the rights of Native Americans while causing significant cultural and ecological damages. This thesis looks at resolution approaches centered around the relationships and interactions between Native American communities and mining corporations. I use academic literature and conflict resolution theories to break down conflict dynamics and present an argument for how critical mineral mining in the U.S can proceed while upholding the rights of Native Americans. I found power asymmetries, disparate worldviews, and historical and legal contexts are prominent factors that structure these conflicts. Incorporating a rights-based process is essential for protecting Native Americans' rights. Through good-faith engagement and dialogue, the stakeholders can work towards negotiations that allow for partnership and collaboration in critical mining developments. This creates outcomes that are mutually beneficial while protecting Native Americans' rights.