Analyse diachronique de l’etalement urbain dans le grand-lome au togo, une approche basee sur la teledetection multispectrale

In the aftermath of independence, the countries of the African continent experienced strong population growth. Generalized population growth has led to the sprawl of built-up areas in cities to the detriment of green spaces. The Togolese capital has not remained on the sidelines of this upward trend in urban populations. Since then, the population of the Togolese capital has increased from 940,900 inhabitants in 1960 to 2,173,800 inhabitants in 2022 (INSEED, 2022), an annual growth rate of 43‰. This demographic pressure has led to a regression of vegetation in favor of built-up areas. The study aims to analyze this socio-spatial dynamics in Grand-Lomé, in the light of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multispectral remote sensing. The methodology of this work is based on observation, documentary research, field surveys and diachronic analysis of Landsat satellite images for the years 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021, based on multispectral remote sensing. Cartographic processing was made possible using Google Earth Pro and Arc Gis 10.8 software. Sphinx 4.5 software was used for data collection and statistical processing. The entry was made in MS Word 2019. The results show two contradictory trends, on the one hand, the population which increased by (53%) between 1981 and 2022, while leading to a significant urban sprawl (73.84%) of built-up areas, on the other hand, an ever-increasing loss of vegetated spaces (82%), resulting in difficulties in urban planning imbued with sustainability prospects.