Підходи до оцінки деформацій існуючих будівель ущільненої забудови за результатами обстежень їх фасадів

The proposed method of anticipatory integral assessment of the technical condition of brick buildings to fix the deformation of their skeletons in the complex engineering and geological conditions of the old compacted building, both before the start of new construction on a fixed site, and during its implementation with a possible negative impact on the already formed building. Two separate examples on two different objects are considered. In these examples, the authors tried to prove the logic of the approach from the relative vertical subsidence of the elements of building facades to the determination of their rolls and bends in their planes to assess the spatial deformations of building frameworks from the nature of the distribution of cracks on their facade walls. In the first given example, when the authors conducted a detailed survey of the existing building, the engineering-geodetic method of measurements was applied, which made it possible to determine the actual spatial deformations of the building compatible with the foundation. The proposed approach to determining the bends and tilt directions of the facade walls of the building frame based on the values of the relative vertical movements of the facade elements recorded during the survey. The obtained components of wall deformations and their movements provide an integral direction of reducing the actual spatial rigidity of the building. In the second example, also during a detailed survey, the authors fixed the picture of the formation of cracks on the facades of the existing building and measured their width. In this case, the nature of the deformation of the facade of the building by transverse force under the influence of expansion forces and hanging between the walls of already existing buildings, between which the building under investigation is embedded, as an insert, became a priority. The proposed method can be recommended for use at the beginning of the survey of individual buildings or groups of adjacent buildings due to the fact that researchers are primarily interested in the integral state of deformation of the skeletons of these buildings. If the building is in the 3rd category of technical condition (not suitable for normal operation) according to the actual deformed state, then the technical condition of other elements of its constructions is secondary for the initial analysis.