Міжнародно-правове регулювання використання відновлювальних джерел енергії

The article is devoted to the study of the state of international legal regulation in the field of renewable energy sources, as well as the activities of international organizations in this area. The author’s attention is focused on the problems of comprehensive regulation of renewable energy sources at the international level, the role of international legal institutions, identifying the shortcomings of such regulation and providing proposals for solving existing problematic issues. The results of the study found that the regulatory and legal regulation of the use of renewable energy sources at the international level is carried out mainly by «soft law» norms, which are mostly of a moral and political nature, rather than general legal ones. The conclusion was made about the absence of a single international universal document that would be universally binding and define the basic principles in the field of alternative energy, laying the legal basis for international cooperation in this area of relations. Attention is focused on the fact that such a universal act should provide, in particular, for the mandatory implementation by states of measures to support the use of renewable energy sources, which have positive experience of implementation in developed countries, in particular: preferential taxation, the establishment of fixed tariffs, a quota system, preferential lending, subsidies, etc. The article also emphasizes the role of international legal organisations in the field of international regulation of alternative energy. In particular, the important institutional role of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is noted as the only specialized body that deals with renewable energy issues in the world and proves its effectiveness in implementing global alternative energy development projects. At the same time, in the author’s opinion, it is advisable to adopt a universal act within the framework of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) with its effect extending to the agency’s member states, of which there are currently 154. It is concluded that the policy of improving international legal support for renewable energy can ensure sustainable development by significantly reducing the negative impact of energy on the environment.