Категорія стану давньогерманських мов у контексті елімінації мовних явищ надлишковості

The article presents various trends of research into the category of state of Old Germanic languages in the context of dynamic synchrony to eliminate linguistic phenomena of redundancy. Scientific exploration involves identifying and comparing factors that determine morphosyntactic changes in the category of state within the language areas: Goth- Scandinavian (Gothic and Old Icelandic) and West Germanic (Gothic, Old English, Old High German and Old Saxon). The study aims to search for new universals, diachronic constants associated with formation of the category of state in Old Germanic languages within the framework of inter-areal opposition. The problem of interpreting the category of state of Old Germanic languages lies in its oppositionality, multi-aspectivity, polysemanticity, and semantic incompleteness. In particular, the study provides an external description of the paradigm of the category of state, restoration of the previous stage of development of its grammatical subsystem; establishing the paths of its genesis in dynamic synchrony. The process of emergence of the original relict class constructions of the Old Germanic languages occurred unevenly: the active state was opposed by sporadic constructions with the semes of class, reversibility, inertia (inactivity), etc. The results of typological studies of the specifics of origin and development of the class category, its class constructions significantly expanded the idea of functioning of the class category paradigm based on the Old Germanic languages, made it possible to determine the asymmetry of class oppositions within the paradigm by areal features. The key findings in the study of the class category paradigm were ancient constructions that formed an asymmetric opposition to the active state, the quantitative indicators of such constructions and the varying degree of ability for their further grammaticalization are due to various intra- and extralingual factors. An integrated approach to the facts made it possible to explain certain deviations from the original directions of development of the category of state and thereby contributed to revealed interaction of internal and external factors of language development. The proposed methodology, results and conclusions of the scientific article can be used in further theoretical developments in the field of not only historical morphology, but also of general theory of language evolution and mechanisms of development of language systems.