When Preferred and Actual Work Arrangements Do Not Match: A Cognitive Dissonance Perspective

Drawing on Cognitive Dissonance Theory, this study examines how discrepancies between an employee’s preferred and actual work arrangement - remote, hybrid, or in-person - contribute to psychological discomfort, influencing emotional and behavioural workplace outcomes. Guided by Media Richness Theory, we also explore how the perceived effectiveness of digital communication tools helps employees manage these discrepancies. As Generation-Z enters the workforce and remote work proliferates, understanding these dynamics is essential. By integrating these theories, the findings of this study will offer insights into how organizations can design flexible work policies and leverage digital communication tools to reduce psychological discomfort, support employee well-being, and enhance workplace effectiveness across generations.