Економіка водних ресурсів: управління та ефективне використання в умовах зміни клімату

The article examines the economic aspects of water resource management and their efficient use under climate change conditions. The study highlights key challenges related to water security, including increasing anthropogenic pressure, pollution of water bodies, depletion of freshwater sources, and the impact of military actions on Ukraine’s water resources. The authors analyze modern water conservation methods and water purification technologies, evaluating their economic feasibility and the prospects for their implementation in various economic sectors. Special attention is given to the necessity of adaptation measures aimed at minimizing the effects of climate change and enhancing the efficiency of water use. The article also explores the role of innovative and digital technologies in optimizing water management systems, improving monitoring mechanisms, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of water resources. The impact of legislative frameworks and regulatory policies on water management is also assessed, highlighting the importance of coordinated efforts at the national and regional levels. A separate focus is placed on international experience and best practices in sustainable water management, which could be adapted to Ukraine’s specific environmental and socio-economic conditions. The research underlines the importance of integrating economic and environmental policies to develop comprehensive strategies for water conservation, balancing the needs of agriculture, industry, and urban populations while maintaining ecological equilibrium. The authors propose recommendations for improving state policies in the field of water resource management, emphasizing the need for effective governance, increased investment in sustainable infrastructure, and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration. It is argued that ensuring the rational use and protection of water resources is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable development goals. The research concludes that addressing water security issues through an integrated approach is essential to mitigating environmental risks, enhancing economic resilience, and safeguarding public health in the context of global climate challenges and geopolitical instability.