АЛГОРИТМ ТА ПРОГРАМНА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ІНТЕРФЕЙСУ БЕЗПОСЕРЕДНЬОГО РЕЖИМУ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЇ

A deep analysis of approaches to building graphical user interfaces has been conducted, focusing on two main modes: retained and immediate. Special attention is given to the principles of operation and implementation of the immediate mode, which is characterized by dynamism and the absence of the need to store the state of functionally complete visual constructs (widgets). The advantages of this approach are noted, including simplification of code structure, reduction of memory consumption, improvement of real-time building and rendering performance, and the ability to dynamically rebuild the interface depending on changes in the program. An algorithm for building a graphical user interface in immediate mode is proposed, which provides simultaneous rendering of widgets and processing of input events, minimizing resource consumption and complexity of software implementation. Key aspects of such an interface's operation are analyzed, including: no need for data synchronization between widgets and the main program, adaptive alignment of interface elements on the screen, support for dynamic scrollable lists and tables, as well as efficient processing of user input, particularly from non-positional devices such as gamepads or joysticks. Special attention is paid to practical aspects of applying immediate mode for specialized programs operating in real-time or on limited computing systems, such as microcontrollers. As an implementation example, the graphical interface for a data collection program from WitMotion BWT901 wireless inertial sensors is examined, which uses the proposed algorithm for dynamic display of current sensor readings and selection of devices from a list of active connections. Separately, the problems of displaying tooltips on cursor hover, adaptive centering of widget groups on the screen, as well as mechanisms for sorting and processing interactions with markers in three-dimensional visualization systems, which are crucial for graphical interfaces of training complexes and HUD displays, are considered. The proposed approach provides flexibility in developing interfaces of varying complexity and efficient use of hardware resources, including graphics accelerators. The conclusions emphasize that the immediate mode of the graphical user interface has significant advantages over the traditional retained mode in many application scenarios where performance, implementation simplicity, and minimal hardware requirements are important. Implementation of the proposed algorithm can find application in scientific applications, training complexes, sensor data collection systems, as well as IoT devices and embedded systems, where the efficiency of graphical interface elements is critical.