Understanding the Demographic and Health Factors Associated With the Incidence of Stroke in Jamaica

Stroke, the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is a significant public health issue in Jamaica, affecting individuals, families, and the healthcare system. This study identified demographic and health factors associated with stroke, enabling medical professionals to better understand high-risk factors and implement preventative care strategies in Jamaica—filling a significant gap in public health knowledge. The quantitative cross-sectional study examined Jamaican demographics, health, and stroke rates. Secondary data from the Office of the Consultant Neurologist (OCN) from 2000-2023 was integrated into the Social Ecological Model (SEM). The study included 291 stroke patients aged 18 and older, excluding those under 18 and those with other health issues. A multivariate logistic regression was used to address the research questions. Education was not a predictor of stroke (p = .075). Tertiary education was associated with a 5% higher risk of stroke (OR = 1.05) than secondary education (CI [0.402, 2.75]). Renal disease (p = .055) and employment status was not predictors of stroke (p = .075). Employed individuals had a 3.2% increase in the likelihood of getting a stroke compared to their unemployed counterparts. Alcohol consumption did not significantly predict stroke occurrence (p = .070), nor did hypertension significantly predict stroke (p = .270). Gender did not predict stroke, but age was a predictor. Future research should uncover demographic and health aspects in other emerging nations. The findings can help to drive sustainable positive social change by informing stroke policies, prevention, and quality of life programs in Jamaica, resulting in positive social change.