Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of electric vehicle adopters in Vermont

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption, previously constrained by high cost and technological immaturity, has started exhibiting increasing heterogeneity among the adopters. Understanding the shifting sociodemographic, terrain-based, and charging accessibility attributes is key to expanding EV market penetration. This study analyzes Vermont EV registrations (2017–2023) to assess spatiotemporal changes in adopter characteristics, including political attitudes, terrain-based factors, and charging access. Results will reveal evolving adoption patterns, informing targeted policy interventions to accelerate Vermont’s zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) goals. By identifying barriers, this research supports the strategic future of EV adoption.