Study on the Relationship Between Dumping Deformation Pattern and Macro Deformation Characteristics of Anti-dip Stratiform Rocky Slope

Due to the continuous development of construction projects in China's southwest region, geological disaster issues have become increasingly prominent. Many scholars have employed InSAR remote sensing technology to conduct early identification research in the region. The results are fruitful; however, the research is primarily focused on identifying and determining surface macroscopic deformation. The corresponding relationship between slope internal rupture and surface macroscopic deformation remains unclear. Given the complex geological structure in southwest China, many highly concealed and unpredictable anti-dip layered rock slopes have emerged, posing another challenge for the early identification capabilities of InSAR remote sensing. Hence, this study analyzes the bending-toppling deformation stage of slopes by conducting large-scale geotechnical centrifuge tests. It establishes a coupling relationship between the slope toppling deformation mode and the surface macroscopic deformation characteristics by integrating image analysis technology. The InSAR interpretation and field survey results of the prototype slope are utilized to infer the slope stage reversely, visualizing the slope deformation stage to provide technical support for identifying, preventing, and controlling such slopes. The research shows that: 1) The bending and toppling failure of anti-dip layered rock slopes mainly occurs in four stages: initial creep, toppling-bending, progressive deformation, and fracture zone penetration. Damage typically initiates at the foot of the slope and progressively develops upward. With the development of the stepped fracture surface, the slope experiences comprehensive destruction. 2) Analysis of test image recognition yields rate changes in the deep and surface layers, establishing a corresponding coupling relationship between the two. In different stages of toppling deformation, the large deformation area (surface key cracks) adheres to a developmental law progressing from bottom to top, specifically from the toe of the slope to the middle of the slope to the steep and gentle junction. Two significant peaks in the rate curve of the rock plate at the steep and gentle junction are observed during the onset of toppling deformation and the penetration of the internal fracture zone. 3) The InSAR interpretation results of the Zhayong deformation body are compared to the experimental conclusions, and through on-site reviews, it is preliminarily concluded that the deformation body is in the progressive stage of deformation.