Self-organization and criticality for measuring altered states of consciousness

The scientific measurement of consciousness remains is an ongoing challenge, with some even arguing that it lies beyond the reach of science. Although methods like electroencephalography (EEG) provide insights into brain activity, traditional linear analyses are insufficient to capture its immense complexity. This article applies the concept of self-organization and criticality from physics to the brain. This concept describes a state in which the brain oscillates between order and chaos, enabling optimal information processing. This approach allows us to view the brain as a complex dynamic system and to develop mathematical methods for quantifying consciousness. This model offers a promising way to explain the neural foundations of consciousness and could significantly enhance our understanding in the field of consciousness research.