The role of gut microbiome in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions: Insights and therapeutic potential

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat. The human gut microbiota (GM) is an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms living symbiotically within the gastrointestinal tract and has emerged as a key player in health and metabolic diseases. Recently, several studies have increasingly revolved around understanding the specific compositions and strains of GM and their potential impact on obesity. This review provides a summary of the most recent findings regarding obesity and newly developed therapies that show exceptional efficacy in treating this condition. In addition, it explores different GM strains that may contribute to the progression and development of obesity. This article summarizes the molecular insights involved in the relationship between obesity and GM, the characteristics of this ecosystem, and its involvement in human metabolism, energy balance, and inflammation leading to obesity. Furthermore, it examines the bacteria most engaged in managing obesity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of this significant and intricate relationship, ultimately aiding in obesity prevention.