POSSIBILITIES OF CALCULATING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING MACROSOMIA IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Underestimation of accelerated fetal growth during pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus leads to short-term and long-term complications for the mother and the newborn. The work is aimed at finding factors that, at the stage of antenatal diagnosis, will improve perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to create an online calculator for calculating the risk of fetal macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods of the study. During 2022-2024, a case-control study (n = 400) was conducted, which examined anamnestic, laboratory, clinical and paraclinical risk factors for the development of macrosomia in women whose pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 200) and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (n = 200). Based on the results of binary logistic regression, two independent laboratory and paraclinical risk factors for the development of this complication in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were identified. Results. Glycated hemoglobin at the time of registration for pregnancy and the LF index of the fetus at the first sample in the study of maternal and fetal heart rate variability are the main indicators influencing the development of fetal macrosomia.