Perinatal Mental Health Literacy of Healthcare Providers: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Using an Ecological Systems Theory

This phenomenological study explored the perinatal mental health literacy of healthcare providers in the United States. Guided by ecological systems theory, the study employed the Mental Health and Well-Being Ecological Model and the Perinatal Mental Health Theory of Change to examine factors influencing perinatal mental health stigma and healthcare utilization. The central research question was, “What was the experience of healthcare providers who provided medical care for mothers with perinatal mental health illnesses?” Three guiding questions were developed to investigate systemic, relational, and educational factors shaping providers' knowledge and practices. Using exploratory-descriptive qualitative methods, ten participants across the United States were recruited via convenience, purposeful, and snowball sampling on social media and professional platforms. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups, then analyzed thematically to uncover providers’ experiences, perceptions, and challenges. The study holds significance for healthcare and behavioral science professionals, as well as families affected by perinatal mental health issues. It contributes to advancing the perinatal mental health agenda by addressing healthcare utilization, stigma, and systemic gaps. The findings underscore the need for stigma reduction, systemic improvements, and enhanced education and training to better support both providers and patients in navigating the complexities of perinatal mental health care.