Optimising Additive Manufacturing Laser Speed Parameters to Enhance SS316L Surface Roughness: Advancing Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology offers great potential for producing metal parts with high mechanical properties, but achieving optimal surface roughness remains a challenge. This study delves into the influence of laser speed parameters on the surface roughness quality of SS316L prototypes fabricated via SLM. Grounded in principles of sustainability and innovation, our research seeks to optimise the additive manufacturing process for oil and gas applications while considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Through systematic experimentation on the SLM280HL metal 3D printer, seven laser speed settings were investigated ranging from 100 mm/s to 700 mm/s. Surface roughness (Ra) measurements were obtained using a laser microscope. The findings showcase a significant correlation between laser speed and surface roughness, with parameters featuring up-skin remelting enabled and the lowest laser speed of 100 mm/s yielding the best result at 0.166 µm. Despite initial concerns about burnt marks due to prolonged heat exposure, the second-slowest laser speed emerged as the optimal choice, balancing surface quality and aesthetics. This research underscores the critical role of parameter optimisation in achieving sustainable and innovative manufacturing practices for metal parts, particularly in demanding industrial sectors like oil and gas.