Investigation of the Causes of Cesarean Section in Primiparous Women: A Retrospective Study at Imam Sajjad Hospital, Ramsar

Background and purpose: The rising rates of cesarean sections represent a significant global health challenge due to their associated high costs and adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. In Iran, including the city of Ramsar, the rate of cesarean sections exceeds the national standards set by the Ministry of Health. This study aims to investigate this issue among primiparous women at Imam Sajjad Hospital in Ramsar, addressing concerns raised by the Ministry of Health. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study analyzed demographic data and the underlying reasons for cesarean sections among 123 primiparous women at Imam Sajjad Hospital during the years 2021 and 2022. Data were collected using a standardized checklist and analyzed using SPSS software, employing Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The average age of the mothers was 29.24 ± 5.19 years, with an average height of 163.27 ± 5.15 cm. Female infants accounted for 52.8% of the total, and the mean Apgar score was 8.89 ± 0.59. The primary indications for cesarean sections were non-progression of labor (26.8%) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (26.0%), both considered unpredictable factors. A significant relationship was found between the indication for cesarean section and the mothers’ educational level and place of residence (P≤ 0.05). However, no significant association was observed with the infant’s gender, maternal age, or gestational age. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the causes of labor non-progression and fetal distress warrant further investigation. Additionally, educational interventions during pregnancy are recommended to enhance parental awareness.