Impact of non-therapeutic doses of anabolic steroids on glucose and insulin levels in male bodybuilders: systematic review

Background: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic compounds with a chemical structure similar to testosterone. Bodybuilders frequently use them to increase muscle mass, and strength, and reduce body fat. However, AAS can also have adverse effects on health, including alterations in glucose and insulin levels. Aims: This systematic literature review aimed to collect and critically analyze studies that describe the impact of AAS use, in non-therapeutic doses, on glucose and insulin levels in male bodybuilders. Method: The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and four articles were included using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: The analyzed studies present results of insulin and glucose measurements in an interventional group and a control group, showing that AAS can influence these levels. AAS may decrease insulin sensitivity, which can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Bodybuilders AAS´s users should have professional counseling about the negative health impact of these substances and be subject to regular check-ups to check their health status.