Chemotherapeutic profiling of lupeol encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles by attenuating molecular events, glycoprotein, and mast cell population in an animal model of mammary carcinoma

Breast cancer is a major public health issue that rouses the interest and concern of physicians of all categories. A plantbased triterpenoid has potential therapeutic properties and activity against breast cancer, but establishing the mechanism of action in cancer therapy requires a greater understanding of the genes and cellular pathways dictated by phytocompounds. Lupeol is a phytosterol present in edible fruits and vegetables, and possesses a wide range of biological activities against various diseases, including cancer. Unfortunately, clinical trials on this lupeol are significantly restricted by its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based systems for drug delivery have established the way for an explosion in cancer therapy by boosting the efficacy of the drug. The purpose of this study was to inquire into the effects of LUP-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (LUP-CSNP) on mast cell population, glycoprotein, and western blotting in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis. After 10 weeks of tumor development, rats were given an oral administration of LUP and LUP-CSNP. The oral consumption of LUP-CSNP suppressed the Bax, Bcl-2, and BRCA-1 protein expressions in DMBA-induced rats, as well as glycoprotein and mast cell population more strongly than LUP. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that LUP-CSNP has the potential to impede inappropriate levels of apoptotic markers, breast cancer gene markers, glycoprotein, and mast cell population.