Штучний інтелект і права людини: виклики для Європейської конвенції з прав людини

It is indicated that in the modern world, artificial intelligence technologies have ceased to be a theoretical concept and have become an integral part of everyday life. This significantly transforms social processes, state mechanisms and interpersonal relationships. Artificial intelligence undoubtedly creates powerful opportunities for improving management activities, streamlining state services and stimulating innovative development. At the same time, significant threats arise, including potential privacy violations, discriminatory practices, opacity of administrative decisions, excessive surveillance and limited opportunities to appeal decisions made with the help of such technologies. The article highlights some issues of the growing impact of artificial intelligence technologies on human rights and identifies possible directions for improving the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights in order to enhance the mechanism for protecting human rights in new socio-legal conditions. The author examines the challenges arising from the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the context of observing and protecting human rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. The article analyzes key aspects of the interaction of artificial intelligence technologies with the rights to privacy, non-discrimination, the right to a fair trial and freedom of expression. The article pays special attention to such technologies as facial recognition, predictive policing, algorithmic content moderation and automated decision-making. Based on the analysis, the author summarizes the relevant practice of the European Court of Human Rights, which is gradually adapting to digital realities, while preserving the fundamental principles of the Convention. It is substantiated that existing legal mechanisms, including international ones, are not sufficiently effective in the context of new risks caused by the autonomy, opacity, and potential bias of artificial intelligence technologies. The need to combine technical standards with ethical requirements and legal obligations is emphasized. As a result, the need for harmonization of regulatory and legal framework is substantiated, taking into account the dynamics of the development of artificial intelligence technologies and the priority of protecting human dignity and rights. To this end, the author has developed specific proposals for amendments to individual articles of the European Convention on Human Rights in terms of improving legal mechanisms for protecting human rights in the context of the widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies.