Особливості трудових відносин у gig economy: сучасні виклики та перспективи

The article presents the results of an analysis of the changes that have taken place in the gig economy sector under the influence of digitalisation, in particular, in terms of regulation of labour relations. The author substantiates the idea that the definition of gig economy can be interpreted as a new type of labour organisation, the main field of activity of which is various digital platforms along with mobile applications. The modern transformational model of the gig economy has accumulated the development of short-term labour contracts, which have essentially become an alternative to long-term employment, especially for new types of workers. At the same time, the gig economy in the context of labour activity is not currently regulated by collective labour law, as the vast majority of self-employed workers choose to regulate their activities through digital platforms through civil law contracts. In this regard, our state should create conditions in which those workers who are currently working in the shadows would want to be officially employed and pay taxes. It is established that in the event of a potential increase in the number of digital labour markets and their positioning as intermediaries for, for example, gig worker to receive a specific assignment and ensure its fulfilment in front of customers, the performers of such work practically lose the prerogatives of social security and, as a result, this may lead to such a negative phenomenon as ‘digital discrimination’. The issue of whether individuals seeking work on digital platforms belong to the category of employees or self-employed workers remains controversial. The author comes to the conclusion that the adaptation of trade union organisations to the requirements of the times and the search for effective mechanisms to protect the rights of new types of workers employed in the gig economy sector will help to raise their awareness, and, in particular, through collective and coordinated actions of the trade union organisation, will create an opportunity for them to potentially protect their personal data.