ПРИРОДНІ АЛЮМОСИЛІКАТИ У ТЕХНОЛОГІЯХ ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВОДИ: КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД

The review is devoted to the peculiarities of using natural aluminosilicates, in particular bentonites and zeolites, in water treatment technologies. A description of the general structure of clay materials, their chemical composition, characteristics of their building frameworks, and varieties of forms found in nature is given. Emphasis is placed on the adsorption characteristics of bentonite, which is the most common type of clay, including in Ukraine. In the description of natural zeolites, attention is paid to their spatial structure, namely the ratio of Si:Al in their natural modifications, chemical composition, and structural features that ensure the use of zeolites as adsorbents and catalysts. The expediency of using natural aluminosilicates in adsorption, ion exchange, and photocatalytic processes is shown in the examples of the extraction and degradation of various organic compounds, including petroleum products, phenols, and dyes, etc. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the ion exchange capacity of natural bentonites and zeolites as a tool for their modification and activation, significantly improving their performance in water treatment technologies. The effective properties of natural aluminosilicates, such as the active surface area, its acid-base properties, and non-toxicity, are analysed, which indicates their high potential as a reliable potential alternative to more expensive synthetic materials. Numerous studies confirm that properly modified aluminosilicates can combine high adsorption capacity with catalytic activity, enabling their multifunctional use in advanced water treatment. It has been established that, due to their combination of low cost, environmental safety, wide availability, and high efficiency, natural aluminosilicates represent a promising basis for the development of competitive adsorbents and catalysts within the framework of green water treatment concepts. The use of bentonites and zeolites enables the creation of integrated treatment systems that incorporate both physical and chemical mechanisms for contaminant removal and catalytic degradation. Examples of natural aluminosilicate modification by acid, alkali, surfactant treatment, and metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO, TiO2) are provided, demonstrating the expansion of their functionality in water purification processes.