СУСПІЛЬНІ НАСТРОЇ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В СФЕРІ БОРОТЬБИ З ВІДМИВАННЯМ БРУДНИХ ГРОШЕЙ

This article examines the institutional factors that determine the effectiveness of international anti-money laundering policy. The article shows that the main goal of international anti-money laundering policy should not be the complete eradication of the practice of legalizing proceeds of crime, but the impossibility of certain types of activities that pose a danger to society. At the same time, the possibility of achieving the specified goals of international anti-money laundering policy is determined by two main factors: the success of consolidating the efforts of the entire world community to solve the relevant problem and the level of effectiveness of formal rules of combating money laundering. It is determined that the most common formal rules of combating money laundering - formal rules of financial monitoring and financial investigations - can be considered absolutely effective only according to one of the three criteria for effectiveness - the criterion of ethical effectiveness. In the case of the remaining criteria (target and transactional effectiveness), formal rules for financial monitoring cannot be considered absolutely effective. Thus, the target effectiveness of the financial monitoring system significantly depends on external factors that determine its ability to adapt to the emergence of new money laundering schemes. Achieving transactional effectiveness of formal rules of financial monitoring is fundamentally impossible. It was found that the main reason for the preservation of ineffective formal rules of financial monitoring in countries that do not pay sufficient attention to the fight against money laundering is the threat of economic isolation due to the application of sanctions by economically developed countries. The reason for the preservation of ineffective formal rules of financial monitoring in countries that are actively fighting money laundering is the high level of public concern in these countries about this problem, namely: the growth of public concern about the problem of money laundering creates conditions favorable not only for the spread of the practice of manipulating public sentiment, but also for the emergence of induced resistance from the side of public to attempts to reform formal rules of combating money laundering. It has been proven that reforming formal rules of combating money laundering is impossible without implementing measures to counter the manipulation of public sentiment and can only be implemented after reducing the level of public concern to an acceptable level.