Роль ГАМК у патогенезі тривожно-депресивних розладів, чи має вплив алкоголь на ці механізми та чи існує альтернатива класичному лікуванню?

Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in the world, significantly affecting quality of life and general wellbeing. The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating neural excitability and maintaining emotional balance, making it key to understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions. In addition, alcohol, which is widely consumed by patients with these disorders, has been shown to interact with GABAergic systems, complicating the causal relationship between GABA dysregulation, anxiety, and depression. This article describes the role of GABA in the development and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders, and reviews how alcohol affects these mechanisms based on recent research and clinical observations.