Формування насіннєвої продуктивності сої залежно від біометричних показників рослин та умов року вирощування

Purpose. To determine the value of economically important traits and the correlation between them in soybean varieties of Poltava origin. Methods. Field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2024 in a breeding crop rotation (FE “Hryha”, Poltava region). Five early-maturing Ukrainian soybean varieties were studied: ‘Antratsyt’, ‘Adamos’, ‘Aleksandryt’, ‘Avantiuryn’, and ‘Akvamaryn’. Results. Under favourable conditions in 2022, the highest quantitative indicators were observed in the varieties ‘Adamos’ and ‘Akvamaryn’. The varieties ‘Antratsyt’ and ‘Aleksandryt’ demonstrated a high 1000-kernel weight (185.45–168.1 g). In optimal conditions of 2023, the highest numbers of seeds per plant were formed by the varieties ‘Adamos’ (138 seeds) and ‘Antratsyt’ (93 seeds). Additionally, these varieties had a high 1000-kernel weight (179 g and 183 g, respectively). In the hot conditions of 2024, the maximum number of seeds per plant was recorded in the varieties ‘Adamos’ (139.9 seeds) and ‘Akvamaryn’ (140.3 seeds), which also had the highest average 1000-kernel weight (66.0 g). Over the three-year period, the highest seed productivity was ensured by the varieties ‘Adamos’ (32.7 g/plant) and ‘Antratsyt’ (20.3 g/plant), while other varieties yielded less than 20.0 g/plant. Seed productivity in soybean varieties is formed by biometric plant indicators such as the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and Index 2 (the ratio of plant height to the height of attachment of the lowest pod) with correlation coefficients r > 0.71. Conclusions. Under varying weather conditions, seed productivity in Poltava soybean varieties depends on the development of biometric plant indicators. Throughout the study years, the varieties ‘Adamos’ and ‘Antratsyt’ demonstrated the highest seed productivity.