БАГАТОРІВНЕВІ ПАРКИ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СТВОРЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

: The object of the study is multi-level city parks. The subject of this research is the general principles and design methods of organizing the subject-spatial environment of multi-level parks. The article analyzes and systematizes a large project material devoted to new global trends in the organization of multi-level parks. A comprehensive overview of their conceptual varieties, compositional features is given. Design methods aimed at the formation of multilevelness in the urban environment using landscape and architectural methods of form formation are revealed. A systematic analysis of the principles of organizing multi-level parks in the unity of ecological, artistic-aesthetic and contextual approaches is carried out. The article reveals modern trends in the organization of open multi-level parks, their definition is given - they are separate fragments of a traffic-free urban environment, which have one or more levels, at least one of which is above ground or water level, intended, as a rule, for recreation and walks. Among them can be both monofunctional and multifunctional spaces, but all of them are united by such qualities as recreational function, accessibility and openness. Typological types are proposed: multi-level pedestrian zones and additional levels of traffic junctions; terraced gardens and parks; surface recreational space; mini-courtyards integrated into a multi-story building; green roofs for various purposes; multi-level playgrounds. The conclusion is formulated that architectural and urban planning of multi-level parks is an actual trend of modern design culture and helps to solve various design and social tasks.