Міжнародний захист прав людини: порівняльний аналіз забезпечення прав людини в Україні та країнах Європейського Союзу

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of international human rights protection, including a comparative analysis of legal standards applied in Ukraine and the European Union. The author identifies the main international legal mechanisms governing the protection of human rights, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as the activities of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Particular attention is paid to the role of national human rights institutions and their interaction with international organizations. The study reveals key differences between the human rights protection system in Ukraine and the European Union. In particular, the author emphasizes the disproportion in the effectiveness of judicial mechanisms for the protection of human rights, the level of social security, mechanisms for combating discrimination and access to justice for different categories of the population. It is established that the judicial system of Ukraine still faces challenges such as corruption, political influence and difficulty in enforcing court decisions, which reduces the level of public trust. The study also analyzes the positive experience of the European Union countries, in particular, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Denmark, which demonstrate high standards of human rights protection and the effectiveness of social policy mechanisms. It is found that such factors as the independence of the judiciary, the existence of effective human rights institutions, and a comprehensive approach to social guarantees contribute to the formation of a stable legal environment that provides citizens with a high level of security and safety. The article formulates proposals for improving the mechanisms of legal protection in Ukraine. In particular, the author proposes a set of measures aimed at harmonizing national legislation with European standards, reforming the judicial system, improving social protection of the population and strengthening international cooperation. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to create effective mechanisms for monitoring the observance of human rights, simplifying the procedures for applying to the European Court of Human Rights and ensuring the actual enforcement of its judgments in Ukraine.