Volatile Anesthetic Exposure During Organogenesis (Weeks 6-9): Implications for Fetal Brain Development

Organogenesis, particularly during gestational weeks 6 through 9, represent a critical window for fetal brain development. During this period, neurogenesis, neural tube closure and synaptic organization are actively occurring. Disruption of these processes, especially from exogenous agents, can result in lasting developmental consequences. The U.S Food and Drug Administration has issued warnings regarding the use of anesthetic agents such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Noting the potential risk of neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. This warning is particularly highlighted when administered drugs are present for long periods of time or during repeated procedures. The goal of this literature review is to provide clinicians and researchers with valuable insights into the safety profile of volatile anesthetics when administered during the gestational period, thereby informing clinical practice and guiding future research directions.