Вплив конструктивних параметрів гусеничного рушія спеціальних землерийних машин на величину тиску на ґрунт

Abstract. Problem. The passability of continuous-operation tracked earthmoving machines on soils with low bearing capacity is determined by the maximum pressure exerted by their propulsion systems on the support surface. The pressure magnitude is influenced by the weight of the machine's base chassis and mounted equipment, the mounting equipment's attachment scheme to the base chassis, and the magnitude of external forces acting on the working equipment and the machine as a whole during soil excavation. The pressure exerted by the machine on the support surface determines the track parameters left after the machine passes, resistance to movement, maneuverability, passability, and controllability. When calculating the maximum pressure of machines on the ground, the specific structural features of the machines must be taken into account. Goal. This study aims to investigate and determine the average and maximum ground pressure of special continuous-operation earthmoving machines, considering the machine layout schemes, external working loads acting on them, and the physical and mechanical properties of the supporting soil surfaces. Methodology. The research methodology is theoretical and experimental. Results. As a result of the conducted research, theoretical dependencies have been obtained for calculating the average and maximum ground pressure of special tracked machines, taking into account their structural features and the external working loads acting on them. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in considering the impact of external forces acting on the working equipment and the machine as a whole when determining the maximum pressure of tracked propulsion systems of continuous-operation earthmoving machines on the ground. Practical value. Calculations of the support surface length of the tracks of earthmoving machines, depending on the influence of external forces and the coordinates of the machine's pressure center on the ground, allow for determining the necessity of installing additional support skis on the machine to ensure an acceptable ground pressure, thereby enhancing its passability. As a result of the conducted research, a method has been proposed to limit the pressure on the ground under the machine’s tracks and skis within a specified allowable range by adjusting the working pressure in the hydraulic cylinders of the excavation equipment's lifting and lowering system.