Study of the Association of EDN1 rs5370 Polymorphism to Type 2 Diabetes Complications

Ahmed M Ahmed,1 Omar F Khabour,2 Yahya A Almutawif,1 Hamza MA Eid,1 Renad M Alhamawi,1 Zakaria Eltahir,1 Abdel Rahim M Muddathir,1 Faisal Almalki,1 Abdulmannan M Aman,3 Shahad W Kattan,4 Awadh S Alsubhi,1 Amjad M Yousuf1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 3Department of General Medicine, University Medical Center, Taibah University, Madinah, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, 46522, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ahmed M Ahmed, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common in the Arab population. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an a vasoconstrictor agent produced by the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1). Circulating ET-1Â has been shown to be increased in T2DM. The current examined the association between the EDN1 rs5370 polymorphism and T2DM.Methods: The investigation was a case-control study and included 190 T2DM patients and 120Â healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine rs5370 genotypes among the study participants.Results: The frequency of the G allele was 78.3% among the control group and 74.7% in T2DM (P=0.306). Plasma ET-1 protein levels were higher in T2DM than in controls (p< 0.01). However, no association was found between rs5370 and T2DM. The frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 60.8%, 35%, and 4.2% in the control group and 53.7%, 42.1%, and 4.2% in the patient group, respectively (P=0.447). With respect to T2DM complications, a significantly higher incidence of nephropathy was observed among patients with TT/GT genotypes compared to patients with the GG genotype (P< 0.05). Furthermore, a marginal statistical significance was found between rs5370 and cardiovascular diseases in T2DM (P=0.06).Conclusion: Circulatory ET-1 levels were elevated in T2DM. The EDN1 rs5370 polymorphism might impact the development of nephropathy in T2DM.Keywords: endothelin-1, EDN1, ET-1, rs5370 polymorphism, Saudi Arabia, diabetes