Thalassemia awareness and screening practices: a study on knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes among nursing undergraduates at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Background: Thalassemia is a significant public health concern in Malaysia, particularly among certain ethnic groups. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in managing and preventing the disorder, making it essential to assess their knowledge, awareness, and attitudes (KAA). Problem Statement: Despite thalassemia’s prevalence, there is limited research on the preparedness of nursing students to address the condition, potentially indicating gaps in education and readiness for professional roles. Objective: This study evaluates the KAA of thalassemia among undergraduate nursing students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).Method: A cross-sectional survey of 191 nursing students used a structured questionnaire to assess demographic factors, knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards thalassemia screening. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and logistic regression, were conducted to identify key factors influencing KAA. Results: Of the participants, 73.3% demonstrated good knowledge, and 99.0% exhibited high awareness of thalassemia. Positive attitudes towards screening were seen in 86.9% of students, with attitudes significantly linked to academic progression (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for improved educational programs on thalassemia in nursing curricula, with a focus on genetic counselling and early screening, to enhance the management and prevention of thalassemia in Malaysia.