Soutenir l'adoption à grande échelle de l'ingénierie système basée sur les modèles (MBSE), en développant une méthodologie centrée sur l'homme, destinée aux agents de changement lewiniens

Aircraft manufacturers and other major industrial groups must adapt to the increasing complexity of the systems they design (e.g., aircraft), which often have long life cycles (over 20 years). Their ability to develop and manufacture complex systems that can be operated efficiently is a key competitive advantage. Over the past twenty years, the efforts of academic, industrial and national entities in the field of systems engineering (SE) have focused on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) with the aim of moving from a document-centric approach to one based on executable models. The latter approach aims to provide metamodels, models and methods for the early verification and validation of system requirements and architectures, and to enable the generation of complete, consistent and relevant models and documents specifying and defining the system of interest and its supporting systems. The benefits of MBSE are numerous: detecting specification or design errors as early as possible (to reduce the cost of error correction), reusing models (to reduce project duration), simulating the behavior of the system of interest and generating virtual tests (to reduce the need for time-consuming and costly prototypes and physical tests). Initial feedback has emerged in recent years. So MBSE is not a futuristic concept or an invention that requires socialization before it can be recognized as an innovation in its own right. However, despite its potential, MBSE is facing challenges in terms of adoption and has not yet reached a point where it is widely used. Our research does not aim to describe or explain the adoption of MBSE from an external perspective for statistical purposes. Instead, we are focusing on a situation in which the adoption of this innovation is slowing down in organizations and exploring ways to overcome the barriers to adoption. In this context, our research aims to propose a human-centered methodology for a new role, Lewinian change agent (LCA), to support the large-scale adoption of MBSE. The work carried out is divided into 4 contributions: (1) a conceptualization of MBSE as an innovation of means targeting engineers as end-adopters, (2) an in-depth diagnosis of end-adopter adhesion, (3) an expanded IAO reading grid to identify key constraints of CPT actors, (4) a methodology for LCAs based on agile and empathetic methods.