Review of blockchain security regulation

Blockchain is a new distributed computing paradigm characterized by security and trust, widely applied in various fields. However, security issues have become increasingly prominent, and the need for regulation is more urgent. The current state of the blockchain ecosystem and the regulatory policy backgrounds of major countries were briefly introduced. The relevant literature based on blockchain technology and application architecture were categorized and the characteristics of existing regulatory technologies and solutions were analyzed from three aspects: intra-chain regulation, inter-chain regulation, and off-chain regulation. Intra-chain regulation was further divided into three levels: infrastructure layer regulation, core function layer regulation, and user layer regulation. The advantages and disadvantages of different regulatory technologies at each level were discussed in detail. Inter-chain regulation was divided into two categories: regulation based on the “governance by chain” concept and cross-chain security regulation, with a brief discussion of the characteristics of related studies. Then some representative cases of off-chain regulation were introduced. Finally, the common issues in current blockchain security regulation were analyzed with possible improvement directions and new areas in need of regulation. The gap was filled in reviews on blockchain regulation and a reference for the design of blockchain regulatory solutions was provided.