Prediction of Risk Factors Associated with Postpartum Spontaneous Bleeding

Background and purpose: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide, particularly in developing regions such as Africa and Asia. Even in developed countries, the incidence of this complication has shown an upward trend. Risk factors associated with PPH may vary depending on geographical and demographic conditions. In the city of Babol, studies have indicated that postpartum hemorrhage is a common obstetric complication. This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with early-onset postpartum hemorrhage in Babol. Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of women diagnosed with PPH at Rouhani Hospital, Babol, during the period 2010–2011. Cases were included if blood loss was ≥500 mL following vaginal delivery or ≥1000 mL following cesarean section within 24 hours postpartum. Data collection focused on treatment modalities, including the use of uterotonic drugs, surgical interventions (such as uterine packing or hysterectomy), blood transfusions, and prophylactic measures. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software to identify potential risk factors and evaluate treatment outcomes. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.6 ± 16.7 years. The analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, including the number of previous pregnancies, abortions, and deliveries, as well as placenta previa, abnormal placental adhesions, uterine rupture, and surgical trauma (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical need for proactive risk assessment and tailored clinical strategies to prevent and manage postpartum hemorrhage. Enhancing prenatal screening protocols, improving access to emergency obstetric care, and training healthcare professionals in early intervention techniques are essential steps toward reducing maternal morbidity and mortality associated with postpartum hemorrhage