Performance Analysis and Safety Aspects of Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructures

Hydrogen is assuming a pivotal role in the energy sector, intending to lead the decarbonization and overcome the fossil fuel use. In evaluating its key applications, the role of hydrogen in mobility stands out. It could transform one of the most polluting sectors, drastically reducing emissions without changing the drivers’ needs. In this perspective, the focus should be placed on hydrogen refueling infrastructures, which are a key factor, along with fuel cell vehicles, for extending the hydrogen chain in the mobility sector. Given this, the study analyzes the hydrogen refueling station performance, investigating the hydrogen flow features, and estimating the evolution of pressure and temperature within the vehicle tank. An ad-hoc model for hydrogen performance analysis is used by customizing its main blocks. In addition, the main safety aspects of the hydrogen refueling stations are evaluated. The behavior of each component of the refueling infrastructure, such as hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, and cooling systems, is examined and introduced in the model, characterizing the whole system. The model is then validated by comparing its performance with experimental data. The results show the pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate between the dispenser and the vehicle tank. These findings could help boost hydrogen use in mobility since crucial aspects are investigated and important information is provided for promising integrated systems, based on the interconnection between infrastructures and vehicles.