Modeling Immune Cell Dynamics and ECM Remodeling in Tendon Injury

Tendon injuries involve complex biological processes, including inflammation, cell recruitment, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This study employs a systems biology approach to model the dynamic interplay between immune cells, cytokines, and the ECM during tendon repair. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are used to simulate key phases of healing under physiological and pathological stress scenarios, emphasizing the critical roles of macrophage polarization and ECM turnover. The model reveals distinct cytokine and cellular dynamics under varying stress intensities and durations, highlighting the detrimental effects of prolonged inflammation and excessive ECM degradation in pathological conditions. These findings highlight the importance of balancing immune responses and tissue remodeling to ensure effective tendon repair. By integrating experimental insights and computational predictions, this work provides a framework for understanding tendon repair mechanisms and exploring therapeutic strategies to optimize healing outcomes and mitigate chronic injuries.