MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF REACTORS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING IN THE TRANSITION TO CONTINUOUS PROCESSES AND MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH

Different reactor types were examined, including batch reactors whose optimization involved studying equipment design and operating variables—traditionally under the assumption of perfect mixing. To account for non‑idealities in batch reactors, a cell‑model approach was proposed. In continuous processes, plug‑flow (tubular) reactors are widely used, where engineers strive to achieve ideal displacement (plug‑flow) conditions. Separately, biofilm reactors under simulated micro‑gravity were analysed to investigate biofilm growth in spaceflight environments.