Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Preservation of the Zone of Stasis After a Burn Wound by the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway: An Evaluation of Ethics

Burn injuries consist of three zones: the zone of immediate cell death (the coagulation zone), the zone susceptible to burn induced apoptosis (the zone of stasis), and the zone unaffected by thermal damage (the zone of hyperemia). Cell death in the zone of stasis by burn induced apoptosis can create an expansion of the zone of coagulation, creating a larger surface area for potential pathogens, scar contracture and decreased wound healing. With an investigation into the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the zone of stasis, the ability to prevent apoptosis in a burn wound can be observed. Through an analysis of primary literature articles of animal studies, the possible implications of MSCs on the PI3K/AKT pathway in the zone of stasis is interpreted. The zone of stasis of thermal wounds in rat and mice models are avoiding apoptosis with the introduction of MSCs. Investigating the potential of this method through an analysis of ethics will allow for a conversation about potentially continuing the field of research into human trials, potentially creating a new common practice in the burn care field. However, the hefty price of stem cell treatment, and donation protocols create great ethical dilemmas.