Human Papilloma Virüsünün Servikal Epitel Hücrelerinin Çekirdekleri ve Hücresel Yapısı Üzerindeki Etkisi; Işık Mikroskobu ve Sitomorfolojik Analiz

The most common sexually transmitted virus is Human papillomavirus (HPV), which comes in more than 280 types The basal cells of epithelial tissues are responsible for taking up the HPV virus in cases of infection and malignancy caused by the virus. HPV, especially through the E6 and E7 proteins of high-risk HPV types, can cause benign infections or malignancies by inactivating tumor suppressor genes, disrupting cell cycle control, activating telomerase, preventing cell adhesion, polarity and differentiation, suppressing the immune system, and preventing apoptosis by inactivating tumor suppressor genes (especially p53, pRb). In this review, the effects of Human papillomavirus on epithelial cells were evaluated in terms of morphological changes and the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio mediated by specific proteins of the virus. Morphological changes are discussed under the headings of koilocytosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear enlargement, nuclear membrane irregularities, hyperchromasia, abnormal chromatin distribution, micronucleation, binucleation, karyorrhexis, karyolysis karyopyknosis and nuclear budding. Nuclear architecture changes, which play a crucial role in gene regulation, are particularly prominent. Finally, it is believed that knowledge of the changes that HPV causes in cell nuclear and cytoplasmic texture will facilitate the development of a cost-effective and appropriate approach to explaining cervical cancer pathophysiology, the development of specific biomarkers, and the development of new perspectives in understanding HPV's impact on cancer.