Geografia e sustentabilidade no semiárido: desafios socioeconômicos e ambientais no RN

Environmental fragility and socioeconomic inequalities in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte pose challenges to regional sustainability. Water scarcity, desertification, and degradation of native vegetation compromise the productive capacity of the soil, while land concentration and precarious infrastructure aggravate the difficulties of local populations. In addition, inadequate exploitation of natural resources and the absence of effective public policies increase environmental and social impacts, limiting sustainable development. Given this scenario, this study conducts a narrative review of the geography and sustainability of the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, analyzing the main socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The research investigates the relationship between territorial organization, land use, and the effects of climate change on the spatial dynamics of the region. The methodology is based on the analysis of recent literature on environmental degradation, access to water resources, and the impacts of globalization on the local economy. The results indicate that municipalities such as Mossoró, Caicó and Pau dos Ferros face problems such as water shortages, soil erosion and pasture degradation, which reinforces the need for interdisciplinary solutions. Viable alternatives include the use of georeferencing technologies for environmental monitoring, the adoption of agroecological practices adapted to the semi-arid region and the implementation of public policies aimed at recovering degraded areas. The integration of technological innovation and sustainable territorial planning can reduce socio-environmental impacts and promote balanced development in the region.