Exposure to Virtual Landscapes and Its Effects on Body Image Perception: The Psychological Benefits of Nature Exposure

This study investigated the effects of immersive virtual exposure to natural versus urban environments on state body image perception, using Virtual Reality (VR) technology. Drawing on theories of biophilia, stress reduction, and attention restoration, the research aimed to assess whether VR nature environments could improve body satisfaction and whether these effects varied according to individuals' trait-level body image attitudes. Twenty participants were exposed to both natural and urban VR environments, and body satisfaction was assessed using the Body Image States Scale (BISS) at baseline and after each exposure. Results revealed a significant increase in body satisfaction following nature exposure compared to urban exposure, with a medium effect size. However, there was no significant decline in body satisfaction after urban exposure compared to baseline. Trait body image attitudes were positively correlated with post-nature body satisfaction, indicating a moderating role of dispositional factors. The study extends prior research by demonstrating that the psychological benefits of nature exposure are replicable in virtual environments. Although the underlying mechanisms remain speculative, findings are interpreted in the context of neural systems involved in self-referential processing, mindfulness, and emotional regulation. Particularly through activation of the default mode network, enhanced prefrontal control, and reduced amygdala reactivity. Overall, the study highlights the therapeutic potential of nature exposure and supports further exploration of VR as a tool in psychological interventions.