Extrapulmonary Comparisons Between Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: From Manifestations and Diagnosis to Treatment

Qi Dong,1 Miaoran Wang,1 Zhaohua Wang,1,2 Jie Shi,1,3 Jianping Xie,4 Xiaorui Li,5 Chang Liu,6 Yu Chen,7 Shu Guo1 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital, Dalian, 116001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Plastic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110013, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People’s Republic of China; 5Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Tenth People’s Hospital/Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Tuberculosis, Shenyang Tenth People’s Hospital/Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yu Chen, Department of Tuberculosis, Shenyang Tenth People’s Hospital/Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Shu Guo, Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases and the number of deaths from these diseases are steadily increasing worldwide. However, the pathologic diagnosis of NTM disease is similar to that of tuberculosis, and it is often difficult to distinguish between the two, which can lead to misdiagnosis and treatment aversion. Therefore, differentiation between the two can help in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This review compares the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common extrapulmonary sites of involvement in tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, extrapulmonary, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment