Electric Vehicles Historical Sales, Minerals Demand Risks, and Supply Chain Dynamics

The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is transforming the automotive industry as governments, businesses, and consumers seek sustainable transportation options. This thesis examines the Electric Vehicles Historical Sales, future demand, key minerals demand risks, focusing on critical supply chain dynamics and sustainability challenges that influence EV production scalability. Specifically, the research explores demand forecasts and resource needs under policy scenarios from the International Energy Agency (IEA): the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), Announced Policies Scenario (APS), and Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZES). Key materials analyzed include lithium, cobalt, and nickel, assessing potential bottlenecks in sourcing, refining, and logistics. Using a quantitative approach, this study employs Excel Pivot Tables and Power BI to analyze historical and projected data on EV sales, mineral demand, and material supply, providing comprehensive insights into supply chain dependencies and sustainability issues. Visualizations highlight trends in EV adoption, supply chain vulnerabilities, and environmental impacts, with a focus on the carbon footprint of battery production and recycling challenges. Findings reveal that while EV demand is expected to rise significantly, material scarcity, production delays, and infrastructure gaps pose challenges to sustainable growth. This study presents actionable recommendations for automakers, policymakers, and suppliers, encouraging collaboration to foster resilient supply chains and sustainable practices. The research contributes strategic insights to stakeholders aiming to navigate the complexities of EV market expansion and supports the broader goal of a sustainable transition to electric mobility.