En bostadsrättsförenings utmaningar och behov vid energieffektivisering : En kvantitativ studie om bygg- och installationstekniska lösningar

This thesis investigates energy efficiency improvements in a housing cooperative (BRF) in northern Sweden, with a particular focus on multifamily residential buildings from the Million Program era. These buildings face significant renovation needs due to outdated construction techniques and high levels of energy usage. In many cases, the technical lifespan of Million Program buildings has already been exceeded, necessitating extensive energy renovations to meet current energy standards. The aim of this work is to enhance knowledge about building and installation related energy efficiency measures that address the specific challenges and needs of a BRF. The study uses a combination of quantitative energy simulations and life cycle cost analysis (LCC) to evaluate the suitability of various energy efficiency measures considering a BRF's challenges and requirements. The quantitative analysis is conducted using the energy modeling software BIM Energy, examining parameters such as insulation of external walls and roofs, the installation of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) systems, and adjustments of heating systems. LCC, including sensitivity analysis, provides an economic dimension to the evaluation by highlighting investment costs, maintenance expenses, and potential energy savings over an extended period critical for BRFs with limited financial capacity. The sensitivity analysis explores how changes in discount rates and energy price trends impact the long-term cost implications of the proposed measures. The results indicate that measures such as improved insulation of the building envelope, particularly external walls, and the installation of MVHR systems are effective in reducing energy performance. However, these measures result in significant investment costs. The study also emphasizes that less extensive measures, such as adding roof insulation and optimizing adjustments of heating system achieve substantial energy savings at relatively low costs and can be implemented with minimal disruption to residents. Beyond technical and economic aspects, the thesis identifies organizational challenges within BRFs, such as resistance from members to increased housing fees and the board's responsibility to balance financial investments with resident comfort. This study suggests facilitating the implementation of energy efficiency measures by educating residents, particularly regarding the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket) requirements for multifamily housing, the cooperative’s current standing in relation to these requirements, and the risks associated with high energy consumption given the anticipated rise in energy prices due to the green industrial transition in northern Sweden. In conclusion, this study provides insights into how energy efficiency improvements can be implemented in older housing cooperatives in a manner that is both technically feasible and economically sustainable. The work contributes to a greater understanding of how BRFs in northern Sweden can adapt to stricter energy requirements and support a sustainable transition within the building stock, while also considering resident comfort.