Enhancing Load frequency control in power systems using Puma Optimizer – Proportional Integral Derivative Method

Frequency instability is one of the causes of severe disturbances in the power system, including load shedding and widespread blackouts. Especially in modern power systems, frequency instability has even more serious consequences due to the propagation occurring in interconnected regions. Load frequency control (LFC) is a powerful tool in power system operation to ensure that the frequency is always within the allowable limits. The control parameters of LFC must be optimally adjusted for stable system operation. However, researchers are currently unable to find a suitable and robust method for optimal tuning of LFC control parameters. The paper proposes the Puma Optimizer (PO) algorithm to optimize the parameters of PID, FOPID, and FOPTID+1 controllers for solving the LFC problem. The proposed PO algorithm is evaluated through two models of single-area and two-area power systems with different power sources, including thermal power, hydropower, and gas power. The simulation results show that the integral time absolute error (ITAE) value of the proposed PO method is smaller by 5.25%, 18.16%, 28.35%, and 59.92% compared to Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Crested Porcupine Optimization (CPO), Newton-Raphson-based optimization (NRBO), and Global Neighborhood Algorithm (GNA), respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that the PO algorithm is a reliable and efficient tool for finding solutions to the LFC problem.