The Effects of Exercise on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Vitamin D Deficiency Status Accompanied by Obesity and Overweight: A Review of the Evidence

Vitamin D deficiency affects a broad range of health-related factors. Both obesity and vitamin D deficiency are associated with the development of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Inflammation can culminate in decreased vitamin D levels through the induction of oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that exercise may improve vitamin D status. However, the effects of exercise interventions on inflammation and oxidative stress in the coexistence of vitamin D deficiency and obesity/overweight are not well-established. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitamin D deficiency status accompanied by obesity/overweight. A search for articles from 2006 to 2023 was conducted in specialized databases of PubMed, Scopus, and state inpatient database (SID). The searched studies were original research articles, reviews, and clinical trials selected using the keywords of vitamin D deficiency, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, chemokine, exercise, obesity, and overweight. According to the studies, regular exercise can inhibit the vicious cycle of oxidative stress-inflammation in vitamin D deficiency status accompanied by obesity/overweight by negatively regulating some inflammatory factors and chemokines, reducing lipid peroxidation levels, and increasing antioxidant status. Moreover, the increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels resulting from exercise can be considered another mechanism for reducing oxidative stress-inflammation in vitamin D deficiency status accompanied by obesity/overweight.