Desafío de las telecomunicaciones en la educación virtual durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una revisión sistemática

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual education at all educational levels and generated an unprecedented transformation in teaching and learning systems. However, this transition also brought significant challenges, particularly in the area of telecommunications, which affected the quality and accessibility of virtual education. This study analyzes the challenges of telecommunications in virtual education during the pandemic and proposes measures to improve its quality and accessibility. Three research questions related to the impact on different educational levels, identified challenges and recommendations for future interventions were addressed. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology, which included 28 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed to identify patterns and trends in the challenges and recommendations reported. The results indicated that university and professional education were the fastest adopters of virtualization. Key challenges included connectivity issues, lack of infrastructure and digital skills, and security concerns. The proposed measures included investment in infrastructure, training in digital skills, development of secure platforms and adoption of innovative technologies. In this context, this study highlights the need to address digital inequalities and strengthen telecommunications to ensure inclusive and quality virtual education.