Development and Validation of the Healthcare-Seeking Intention Questionnaire in Patients with Diabetic High-Risk Foot

Honglin Wang,1,2,* Na Li,1,3,4,* Ying Ye,5 Nan Zhao,6 Meizi Liu,1 Min Xu,3 Qiuhong Zhou3,4 1Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Health and Nursing, Guangzhou Huali College, Jiangmen, People’s Republic of China; 3Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 4National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Nursing, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, People’s Republic of China; 6School of Nursing, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiuhong Zhou, Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613786136512, Email [email protected]: Timely screening and intervention can prevent the development of the diabetic foot. However, delayed visits to the clinic are common among diabetic foot patients. The study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess healthcare-seeking behavior among patients with diabetic high-risk foot.Methods: The questionnaire of healthcare-seeking intention for patients with diabetic high-risk foot was developed in two phases: (1) Developing the questionnaire: 1) questionnaire items were formulated after literature review, group discussion and semi-qualitative interview; 2) a two-round modified Delphi method was to examine the content validity and the degree of consistency in questionnaire items; 3) conducting pre-survey to revise the questionnaire items. (2) Assessing the internal reliability and construct validity.Results: The final questionnaire consisted of five main themes and 28 items with a five-point rating. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the five dimensions were respectively 0.937 (relevant knowledge of diabetic foot), 0.669 (attitudes toward seeking care), 0.896 (social support for seeking care), 0.621 (efficacy in coping with foot symptoms), 0.871 (intention to seek care). The Scale-level Content Validity Index of the five parts was 1.00, 0.80, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values for each dimension was greater than 0.7, and the p-value for Bartlett’s test of sphericity was less than 0.05.Conclusion: This questionnaire showed good validity, internal consistency, and reliability. It provided a potentially useful instrument to evaluate healthcare-seeking intention among patients with diabetic high-risk foot.Keywords: healthcare-seeking intention, questionnaire development, high-risk foot, patients