From defeating colonialism to facing genocide : historical precedents and prospects of the Amhara existential struggle in Ethiopia

This research examines the Amhara people’s existential struggle in Ethiopia by analyzing the historical, political, and ideological factors that marginalize them. It employs Historical Analysis (HA) and Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) to critique false historical narratives, ethnonationalist rhetoric, and assimilationist agendas that portray the Amhara as oppressors, fueling ethnic politics, hate speech, and targeted attacks. The rise of the Fano movement is explored as a grassroots response that reflects Amhara resilience. Three key factors—colonial conspiracy, ethnonationalist vengeance, and Oromummaa’s assimilationist agenda—have fostered division, demonized Amhara identity, and eroded their cultural and political presence. Despite internal divisions within Fano regarding the strategic role of Amhara nationalism, its resurgence signifies a growing commitment to preserving Amhara identity and countering existential threats. The study underscores the need to redefine Amhara nationalism to include linguistic and cultural affiliations while retaining core values. Recommendations include preserving Fano as a public identity, unifying its leadership, and integrating Ethiopianist principles to create a balanced, inclusive approach.